Montana Law Summary
Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act
Note: This summary is not intended to be an all inclusive discussion of abandoned property law, but does include basic provisions. You should check the State Laws for updates.
Montana Code Annotated
Title 70 Property
Chapter 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property
Part 4 Common Carriers, Commission Merchants, and Warehousemen
Applicability — Uniform Commercial Code:
The provisions of this part apply only to the extent not otherwise provided for in the Uniform Commercial Code. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, 70-9-401.
Storage of unclaimed property:
When any goods, merchandise, or other property has been received by any railroad or express company or other common carrier, commission merchants, or warehousemen for transportation or safekeeping and are not delivered to the owner, consignee, or other authorized person, the carrier, commission merchant, or warehouseman may hold or store the same with some responsible person until the freight and all just and reasonable charges are paid. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-402.
Property unclaimed within 90 days to be sold — notice — surplus:
(1) If no person calls for the property within 90 days from the receipt thereof and pays freight and charges thereon, the carrier, commission merchant, or warehouseman may sell such property or so much thereof, at auction to the highest bidder, as will pay freight and charges, first having given 20 days’ notice of the time and place of sale to the owner, consignee, or consignor, when known, and by advertisement in a daily paper 10 days (or if in a weekly paper, 4 weeks), published where such sale is to take place.
(2) If any surplus is left after paying freight, storage, cost of advertising, and other reasonable charges, the same must be paid over to the owner of such property at any time thereafter, upon demand being made therefor or within 60 days after the sale. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-403.
Surplus proceeds unclaimed — disposition:
If the owner or his agent fails to demand such surplus within 60 days of the time of such sale, then it must be paid into the county treasury, subject to the order of the owner. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-404.
Responsibility of carrier and bailee after storage:
After the storage of goods, merchandise, or property as provided in this part, the responsibility of the carrier ceases, nor is the person with whom the same is stored liable for any loss or damage on account thereof unless the same results from his negligence or want of proper care. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-405.
Sale of property upon which advances are due:
When any commission merchant or warehouseman receives on consignment produce, merchandise, or other property and makes advances thereon, either to the owner or for freight and charges, he may, if the same is not paid to him within 90 days from the date of such advances, cause the produce, merchandise, or property on which the advances were made to be advertised and sold as provided in this part. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-406.
Fees of officers:
The fees of officers under this part are the same as allowed for similar services in other cases provided in this code to be paid by the taker-up or finder and recovered of the owner. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 4, Sec. 70-9-407.
Part 5 Innkeepers
Sale of unclaimed baggage — notice:
(1) Whenever any trunk, carpetbag, valise, box, bundle, or other baggage comes into the possession of the keeper of any hotel, inn, boardinghouse, or lodginghouse, as such, and remains unclaimed for the period of 6 months, such keeper may proceed to sell the same at public auction and out of the proceeds of such sale may retain the charges for storage, if any, and the expense of advertising and sale thereof.
(2) But no such sale shall be made until the expiration of 4 weeks from the first publication of notice of such sale in a newspaper published in or nearest the city, town, or place in which said hotel, inn, boardinghouse, or lodginghouse is situated.
(3) Said notice shall be published once a week for 4 successive weeks in some newspaper, daily or weekly, of general circulation and shall contain:
(a) a description of each trunk, carpetbag, valise, box, bundle, or other baggage, as near as may be;
(b) the name of the owner, if known;
(c) the name of said keeper and the time and place of sale.
(4) The expenses incurred for advertising shall be a lien upon such trunk, carpetbag, valise, box, bundle, or other baggage, in a ratable proportion, according to the value of such piece of property or thing or article sold. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 5, Sec. 70-9-501.
Disposition of surplus proceeds:
In case any balance arising from such sale shall not be claimed by the rightful owner within 1 week from the day of said sale, the same shall be paid into the treasury of the county in which such sale took place, and if the same be not claimed by the owner thereof or his legal representatives within 1 year thereafter, the same shall be paid into the general fund of said county. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 5, Sec. 70-9-502
Part 6 Retail Launderers and Dry Cleaners
Disposal of property unclaimed within 180 days — notice — maintenance of records:
(1) A retail launderer or dry cleaner may dispose of an article, garment, or piece of clothing left with the launderer or dry cleaner for cleaning, laundering, repairing, or other service that is not redeemed by the customer within 180 days. A retail launderer or dry cleaner is not responsible or liable for an article, garment, or piece of clothing disposed of pursuant to this section.
(2) A retail launderer or dry cleaner subject to this section shall post a notice describing the provisions of this section in a conspicuous place on the premises of the retail launderer or dry cleaner. The notice must be substantially the same as the following language: “As provided in section 70-9-601, MCA, an article, garment, or piece of clothing accepted for cleaning, laundering, repairing, or other service by a launderer or dry cleaner must be claimed within 180 days after the date the item was received for service. If an article is not claimed within 180 days, the item may be disposed of by the launderer or dry cleaner.”
(3) For any item that is disposed of as provided in this section, the retail launderer or dry cleaner shall maintain copies of all service tickets or other records showing the date the item was received and the date and manner of disposition. The records must be maintained for 1 year following disposal.
(4) Any balance in excess of the charges for cleaning, laundering, repairing, or other service arising from the sale of an item unclaimed by the owner must be paid to the general fund of the county in which the sale took place. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 6, Sec. 70-9-601.
Part 7 Foreign Capital Depositories
Abandoned capital — disposition — escheatment:
(1) A foreign capital depository, as defined in 32-8-103, shall presume that capital on deposit in a depository account is abandoned in accordance with the provisions of 70-9-804.
(2) A depository shall dispose of the abandoned capital in the manner provided for in this chapter, except that:
(a) a notice of the property presumed abandoned may not be published as prescribed in 70-9-810.
(b) the record of deposit required under 70-9-808 may not be made available for public inspection; and
(c) all money received by the department of revenue as a consequence of the abandonment of capital in a depository must be deposited in the general fund.
(3) A foreign capital depository may deduct from property that is presumed to be abandoned a charge imposed by reason of the owner’s failure to claim the property within a specified time only if there is a valid and enforceable written contract between the depository and the owner under which the depository may impose the charge and if the depository regularly imposes the charge, which is not regularly reversed or otherwise canceled. The amount of the deduction is limited to an amount that is not unconscionable. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 7, Sec. 70-9-701.
Part 8 Uniform Unclaimed Property Act
Short title: This part may be cited as the “Uniform Unclaimed Property Act”. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-801.
Definitions: In this part, unless the context requires otherwise, the following definitions apply:
(1) “Administrator” means the department of revenue provided for in 2-15-1301.
(2) “Apparent owner” means a person whose name appears on the records of a holder as the person entitled to property held, issued, or owing by the holder.
(3) “Business association” means a corporation, joint-stock company, investment company, partnership, unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, business trust, trust company, land bank, safe deposit company, financial organization, insurance company, mutual fund, utility, or other business entity consisting of one or more persons, whether or not for profit.
(4) “Domicile” means the state of incorporation of a corporation and the state of the principal place of business of a holder other than a corporation.
(5) “Financial organization” means a savings and loan association, bank, banking organization, or credit union.
(6) “Holder” means a person obligated to hold for the account of, or deliver or pay to, the owner property that is subject to this part.
(7) “Insurance company” means an association, corporation, or fraternal or mutual benefit organization, whether or not for profit, engaged in the business of providing life endowments, annuities, or insurance, including accident, burial, casualty, credit life, contract performance, dental, disability, fidelity, fire, health, ospitalization, illness, life, malpractice, marine, mortgage, surety, wage protection, and workers’ compensation insurance.
(8) “Mineral” means gas; oil; coal; other gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons; oil shale; cement material; sand and gravel; road material; building stone; chemical raw material; gemstone; fissionable and nonfissionable ores; colloidal and other clay; steam and other geothermal resource; or any other substance defined as a mineral by the law of this state.
(9) “Mineral proceeds” means amounts payable for the extraction, production, or sale of minerals or, upon the abandonment of those payments, all payments that become payable after abandonment. The term includes amounts payable:
(a) for the acquisition and retention of a mineral lease, including bonuses, royalties, compensatory royalties, shut-in royalties, minimum royalties, and delay rentals;
(b) for the extraction, production, or sale of minerals, including net revenue interests, royalties, overriding royalties, extraction payments, and production payments; and
(c) under an agreement or option, including a joint operating agreement, unit agreement, pooling agreement, and farmout agreement.
(10) “Money order” includes an express money order and a personal money order, on which the remitter is the purchaser. The term does not include a bank money order or any other instrument sold by a financial organization if the seller has obtained the name and address of the payee.
(11) “Owner” means a person who has a legal or equitable interest in property subject to this part or the person’s legal representative. The term includes a depositor in the case of a deposit, a beneficiary in the case of a trust other than a deposit in trust, and a creditor, claimant, or payee in the case of other property.
(12) “Person” means an individual, business association, financial organization, estate, trust, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality or any other legal or commercial entity.
(13) “Property” means tangible property described in 70-9-804 or a fixed and certain interest in intangible property that is held, issued, or owed in the course of a holder’s business, or by a government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, and all income or increments from the property. The term includes property that is referred to as or evidenced by:
(a) money, check, draft, deposit, interest, or dividend;
(b) credit balance, customer’s overpayment, gift certificate, security deposit, refund, credit memorandum, unpaid wage, unused ticket, mineral proceeds, or unidentified remittance;
(c) stock or other evidence of ownership of an interest in a business association or financial organization;
(d) bond, debenture, note, or other evidence of indebtedness;
(e) money deposited to redeem stocks, bonds, coupons, or other securities or to make distributions;
(f) an amount due and payable under the terms of an annuity or insurance policy, including policies providing life insurance, property and casualty insurance, workers’ compensation insurance, or health and disability insurance; and
(g) an amount distributable from a trust or custodial fund that is established under a plan to provide health, welfare, pension, vacation, severance, retirement, death, stock purchase, profit sharing, employee savings, supplemental unemployment insurance, or similar benefits.
(14) “Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and that is retrievable in perceivable form.
(15) “State” means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or insular possession that is subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
(16) “Utility” means a person who owns or operates for public use any plant, equipment, real property, franchise, or license for the transmission of communications or the production, storage, transmission, sale, delivery, or furnishing of electricity, water, steam, or gas. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-802.
Presumptions of abandonment:
(1) Except as provided in subsection (6), property is presumed abandoned if it is unclaimed by the apparent owner during the time set forth below for the particular property:
(a) traveler’s check, 15 years after issuance;
(b) money order, 7 years after issuance;
(c) stock or other equity interest in a business association or financial organization, including a security entitlement under Title 30, chapter 8, 5 years after the earlier of:
(i) the date of the most recent dividend, stock split, or other distribution that was unclaimed by the apparent owner; or
(ii) the date of the second mailing of a statement of account or other notification or communication that was returned as undeliverable or after the holder discontinued mailings, notifications, or communications to the apparent owner;
(d) debt of a business association or financial organization, other than a bearer bond or an original issue discount bond, 5 years after the date of the most recent interest payment that was unclaimed by the apparent owner;
(e) demand, savings, or time deposit, including a deposit that is automatically renewable, 5 years after the earlier of maturity or the date of the last indication by the owner of interest in the property; however, a deposit that is automatically renewable is considered matured for purposes of this section upon its initial date of maturity unless the owner has consented to a renewal at or about the time of the renewal and the consent is in writing or is evidenced by a memorandum or other record on file with the holder;
(f) money or credits owed to a customer as a result of a retail business transaction, 3 years after the obligation accrued;
(g) gift certificate, 3 years after December 31 of the year in which the certificate was sold, but if redeemable in merchandise only, the amount abandoned is considered to be 60% of the certificate’s face value;
(h) amount that is owed by an insurer on a life or endowment insurance policy or an annuity that has matured or terminated, 3 years after the obligation to pay arose or, in the case of a policy or annuity payable upon proof of death, 3 years after the insured has attained, or would have attained if living, the limiting age under the mortality table on which the reserve is based;
(i) property distributable by a business association or financial organization in a course of dissolution, 1 year after the property becomes distributable;
(j) property received by a court as proceeds of a class action and not distributed pursuant to the judgment, 1 year after the distribution date;
(k) property held by a court, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, 1 year after the property becomes distributable;
(l) wages or other compensation for personal services, 1 year after the compensation becomes payable;
(m) deposit or refund owed to a subscriber by a utility, 1 year after the deposit or refund becomes payable;
(n) property in an individual retirement account, defined benefit plan, or other account or plan that is qualified for tax deferral under the income tax laws of the United States, 3 years after the earliest of the date of the distribution or attempted distribution of the property, the date of the required distribution as stated in the plan or trust agreement governing the plan, or the date, if determinable by the holder, specified in the income tax laws of the United States by which distribution of the property must begin in order to avoid a tax penalty;
(o) a patronage refund owed to a member of a rural electric or telephone cooperative organized under Title 35, chapter 18, that is not used by the cooperative for educational purposes, 5 years after the distribution date;
(p) an unclaimed share in a cooperative that is not used for charitable or civic purposes in the community in which the cooperative is located, 5 years after the distribution date; and
(q) all other property, 5 years after the owner’s right to demand the property or after the obligation to pay or distribute the property arises, whichever first occurs.
(2) At the time that an interest is presumed abandoned under subsection (1), any other property right accrued or accruing to the owner as a result of the interest, and not previously presumed abandoned, is also presumed abandoned.
(3) Property is unclaimed if, for the applicable period set forth in subsection (1), the apparent owner has not communicated in writing or by other means reflected in a contemporaneous record prepared by or on behalf of the holder with the holder concerning the property or the account in which the property is held and has not otherwise indicated an interest in the property. A communication ith an owner by a person other than the holder or its representative who has not in writing identified the property to the owner is not an indication of interest in the property by the owner.
(4) An indication of an owner’s interest in property includes:
(a) the presentment of a check or other instrument of payment of a dividend or other distribution made with respect to an account or underlying stock or other interest in a business association or financial organization or, in the case of a distribution made by electronic or similar means, evidence that the distribution has been received;
(b) owner-directed activity in the account in which the property is held, including a direction by the owner to increase, decrease, or change the amount or type of property held in the account;
(c) the making of a deposit to or withdrawal from an account in a financial organization; and
(d) the payment of a premium with respect to a property interest in an insurance policy; however, the application of an automatic premium loan provision or other nonforfeiture provision contained in an insurance policy does not prevent a policy from maturing or terminating if the insured has died or the insured or the beneficiary of the policy has otherwise become entitled to the proceeds before the depletion of the cash surrender value of a policy by the application of those provisions.
(5) Property is payable or distributable for purposes of this part notwithstanding the owner’s failure to make demand or present an instrument or document otherwise required to obtain payment.
(6) The presumption provided in subsection (1) does not apply to:
(a) unclaimed patronage refunds of a rural electric or telephone cooperative if the cooperative uses the refunds exclusively for educational purposes; or
(b) unclaimed shares in a nonutility cooperative if the cooperative uses the shares for charitable or civic purposes in the community in which the cooperative is located. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-803.
Contents of safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository:
Tangible property held in a safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository in this state in the ordinary course of the holder’s business and proceeds resulting from the sale of the property permitted by other law are presumed abandoned if the property remains unclaimed by the owner for more than 5 years after expiration of the lease or rental period on the box or other depository. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-804.
Rules for taking custody:
Except as otherwise provided in this part or by other statute of this state, property that is presumed abandoned, whether located in this or another state, is subject to the custody of this state if:
(1) the last-known address of the apparent owner, as shown on the records of the holder, is in this state;
(2) the records of the holder do not reflect the identity of the person entitled to the property and it is established that the last-known address of the person entitled to the property is in this state;
(3) the records of the holder do not reflect the last-known address of the apparent owner and it is established that:
(a) the last-known address of the person entitled to the property is in this state; or
(b) the holder is domiciled in this state or is a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of this state and has not previously paid or delivered the property to the state of the last-known address of the apparent owner or other person entitled to the property;
(4) the last-known address of the apparent owner, as shown on the records of the holder, is in a state that does not provide for the escheat or custodial taking of the property and the holder is domiciled in this state or is a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of this state;
(5) the last-known address of the apparent owner, as shown on the records of the holder, is in a foreign country and the holder is domiciled in this state or is a government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of this state;
(6) the transaction out of which the property arose occurred in this state, the holder is domiciled in a state that does not provide for the escheat or custodial taking of the property, and the last-known address of the apparent owner or other person entitled to the property is unknown or is in a state that does not provide for the escheat or custodial taking of the property; or
(7) the property is a traveler’s check or money order purchased in this state or the issuer of the traveler’s check or money order has its principal place of business in this state and the issuer’s records show that the instrument was purchased in a state that does not provide for the escheat or custodial taking of the property or do not show the state in which the instrument was purchased. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-805.
Dormancy charge:
A holder may deduct from property presumed abandoned a charge imposed by reason of the owner’s failure to claim the property within a specified time only if there is a valid and enforceable written contract between the holder and the owner under which the holder may impose the charge and the holder regularly imposes the charge, which is not regularly reversed or otherwise canceled. The amount of the deduction is limited to an amount that is not unconscionable. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-806.
Burden of proof as to property evidenced by record of check or draft:
A record of the issuance of a check, draft, or similar instrument is prima facie evidence of an obligation. In claiming property from a holder that is also the issuer, the administrator’s burden of proof as to the existence and amount of the property and its abandonment is satisfied by showing issuance of the instrument and passage of the requisite period of abandonment. Defenses of payment, satisfaction, discharge, and want of consideration are affirmative defenses that must be established by the holder. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-807.
Report of abandoned property:
(1) A holder of property presumed abandoned shall make a report to the administrator concerning the property.
(2) The report must be verified and must contain:
(a) a description of the property;
(b) except with respect to a traveler’s check or money order, the name, if known, and last-known address, if any, and the social security number or taxpayer identification number, if readily ascertainable, of the apparent owner of property of the value of $50 or more;
(c) an aggregated amount of items valued under $50 each;
(d) in the case of an amount of $50 or more held or owing under an annuity or a life or endowment insurance policy, the full name and last-known address of the annuitant or insured and of the beneficiary;
(e) in the case of property held in a safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository, an indication of the place where it is held and where it may be inspected by the administrator and any amounts owing to the holder;
(f) the date, if any, on which the property became payable, demandable, or returnable and the date of the last transaction with the apparent owner with respect to the property; and
(g) other information that the administrator by rule prescribes as necessary for the administration of this part.
(3) If a holder of property presumed abandoned is a successor to another person that previously held the property for the apparent owner or the holder has changed its name while holding the property, the holder shall file with the report its former names, if any, and the known names and addresses of all previous holders of the property.
(4) The report must be filed before November 1 of each year and cover the 12 months next preceding July 1 of that year, but a report with respect to a life insurance company must be filed before May 1 of each year for the calendar year next preceding.
(5) The holder of property that is presumed abandoned shall send written notice to the apparent owner, not more than 120 days or less than 60 days before filing the report, stating that the holder is in possession of property subject to this part if:
(a) the holder has in its records an address for the apparent owner that the holder’s records do not disclose to be inaccurate;
(b) the claim of the apparent owner is not barred by a statute of limitations; and
(c) the value of the property is $50 or more.
(6) Before the date for filing the report, the holder of property presumed abandoned may request the administrator to extend the time for filing the report. The administrator may grant the extension for good cause. The holder, upon receipt of the extension, may make an interim payment on the amount the holder estimates will ultimately be due, which terminates the accrual of additional interest on the amount paid.
(7) The holder of property presumed abandoned shall file with the report an affidavit stating that the holder has complied with subsection (5). Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-808.
Payment or delivery of abandoned property:
(1) Except for property held in a safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository, upon filing the report required by 70-9-808, the holder of property presumed abandoned shall pay, deliver, or cause to be paid or delivered to the administrator the property described in the report as unclaimed; however, if the property is an automatically renewable deposit and a penalty or forfeiture in the payment of interest would result, the time for compliance is extended until a penalty or forfeiture would no longer result. Tangible property held in a safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository may not be delivered to the administrator until 60 days after filing the report required by 70-9-808.
(2) If the property reported to the administrator is a security or security entitlement under Title 30, chapter 8, the administrator is an appropriate person to make an endorsement, instruction, or entitlement order on behalf of the apparent owner to invoke the duty of the issuer or its transfer agent or the securities intermediary to transfer or dispose of the security or the security entitlement in accordance with Title 30, chapter 8.
(3) If the holder of property reported to the administrator is the issuer of a certificated security, the administrator has the right to obtain a replacement certificate pursuant to 30-8-415, but an indemnity bond is not required.
(4) An issuer, the holder, and any transfer agent or other person acting pursuant to the instructions of and on behalf of the issuer or holder in accordance with this section is not liable to the apparent owner and must be indemnified against claims of any person in accordance with 70-9-811. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-809.
Notice and publication of lists of abandoned property:
(1) The administrator shall publish a notice not later than November 30 of the year following the year in which abandoned property has been paid or delivered to the administrator. The notice must be published in a newspaper of general circulation in the county of this state in which is located the last-known address of any person named in the notice. If a holder does not report an address for the apparent owner or the address is outside this state, the notice must be published in the county in which the holder has its principal place of business within this state or another county that the administrator reasonably selects. The advertisement must be in a form that, in the judgment of the administrator, is likely to attract the attention of the apparent owner of the unclaimed property. The form must contain:
(a) the name of each person appearing to be the owner of the property, as set forth in the report filed by the holder;
(b) the last-known address or location of each person appearing to be the owner of the property, if an address or location is set forth in the report filed by the holder;
(c) a statement explaining that property of the owner is presumed to be abandoned and has been taken into the protective custody of the administrator; and
(d) a statement that information about the property and its return to the owner is available to a person having a legal or beneficial interest in the property, upon request to the administrator.
(2) The administrator is not required to advertise the name and address or location of an owner of property having a total value less than $50 or information concerning a traveler’s check, money order, or similar instrument. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-810.
Custody by state — recovery by holder — defense of holder:
(1) In this section, payment or delivery is made in “good faith” if:
(a) payment or delivery was made in a reasonable attempt to comply with this part;
(b) the holder was not then in breach of a fiduciary obligation with respect to the property and had a reasonable basis for believing, based on the facts then known, that the property was presumed abandoned; and
(c) there is no showing that the records under which the payment or delivery was made did not meet reasonable commercial standards of practice.
(2) Upon payment or delivery of property to the administrator, the state assumes custody and responsibility for the safekeeping of the property. A holder that pays or delivers property to the administrator in good faith is relieved of all liability arising thereafter with respect to the property.
(3) A holder that has paid money to the administrator pursuant to this part may subsequently make payment to a person reasonably appearing to the holder to be entitled to payment. Upon a filing by the holder of proof of payment and proof that the payee was entitled to the payment, the administrator shall promptly reimburse the holder for the payment without imposing a fee or other charge. If reimbursement is sought for a payment made on a negotiable instrument, including a traveler’s check or money order, the holder must be reimbursed upon filing proof that the instrument was duly presented and that payment was made to a person that reasonably appeared to be entitled to payment. The holder must be reimbursed for payment made even if the payment was made to a person whose claim was barred under 70-9-819.
(4) A holder that has delivered property other than money to the administrator pursuant to this part may reclaim the property if it is still in the possession of the administrator, without paying any fee or other charge, upon filing proof that the apparent owner has claimed the property from the holder.
(5) The administrator may accept a holder’s affidavit as sufficient proof of the holder’s right to recover money and property under this section.
(6) If a holder pays or delivers property to the administrator in good faith and thereafter another person claims the property from the holder or another state claims the money or property under its laws relating to escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property, the administrator, upon written notice of the claim, shall defend the holder against the claim and indemnify the holder against any liability on the claim resulting from payment or delivery of the property to the administrator.
(7) Property removed from a safe deposit box or other safekeeping depository is received by the administrator subject to the holder’s right to be reimbursed for the cost of the opening and to any valid lien or contract providing for the holder to be reimbursed for unpaid rent or storage charges. The administrator shall reimburse the holder out of the proceeds remaining after deducting the expense incurred by the administrator in selling the property. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part , Sec. 70-9-811.
Public sale of abandoned property:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the administrator, within 3 years after the receipt of abandoned property, shall sell it to the highest bidder at public sale at a location in the state, which in the judgment of the administrator affords the most favorable market for the property. The administrator may decline the highest bid and reoffer the property for sale if the administrator considers the bid to be insufficient. The administrator need not offer the property for sale if the administrator considers that the probable cost of sale will exceed the proceeds of the sale. A sale held under this section must be preceded by a single publication of notice, at least 3 weeks before sale, in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the property is to be sold.
(2) Securities listed on an established stock exchange must be sold at prices prevailing on the exchange at the time of sale. Other securities may be sold over the counter at prices prevailing at the time of sale or by any reasonable method selected by the administrator. If securities are sold by the administrator before the expiration of 3 years after their delivery to the administrator, a person making a claim under this part before the end of the 3-year period is entitled to the proceeds of the sale of the securities or the market value of the securities at the time the claim is made, whichever is greater, plus dividends, interest, and other increments up to the time the claim is made, less any deduction for expenses of sale. A person making a claim under this part after the expiration of the 3-year period is entitled to receive the securities delivered to the administrator by the holder, if they still remain in the custody of the administrator, or the net proceeds received from sale and is not entitled to receive any appreciation in the value of the property occurring after delivery to the administrator except in a case of intentional misconduct or malfeasance by the administrator.
(3) A purchaser of property at a sale conducted by the administrator pursuant to this part takes the property free of all claims of the owner or previous holder and of all persons claiming through or under them. The administrator shall execute all documents necessary to complete the transfer of ownership. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-812.
Deposit of funds:
(1) Except as otherwise provided by this section, the administrator shall promptly deposit in the general fund of this state all funds received under this part, including the proceeds from the sale of abandoned property under 70-9-812. The administrator shall retain in a separate trust fund at least $100,000 from which the administrator shall pay claims allowed. The administrator shall record the name and last-known address of each person appearing from the holders’ reports to be entitled to the property and the name and last-known address of each insured person or annuitant and beneficiary and, with respect to each policy or annuity listed in the report of an insurance company, its number, the name of the company, and the amount due.
(2) Before making a deposit to the credit of the general fund, the administrator may deduct:
(a) expenses of sale of abandoned property;
(b) costs of mailing and publication in connection with abandoned property;
(c) reasonable service charges; and
(d) expenses incurred in examining records of holders of property and in collecting the property from those holders. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-813.
Claim of another state to recover property:
(1) After property has been paid or delivered to the administrator under this part, another state may recover the property if:
(a) the property was paid or delivered to the custody of this state because the records of the holder did not reflect a last-known location of the apparent owner within the borders of the other state and the other state establishes that the apparent owner or other person entitled to the property was last known to be located within the borders of that state, and under the laws of that state, the property has escheated or become subject to a claim of abandonment by that state;
(b) the property was paid or delivered to the custody of this state because the laws of the other state did not provide for the escheat or custodial taking of the property, and under the laws of that state subsequently enacted, the property has escheated or become subject to a claim of abandonment by that state;
(c) the records of the holder were erroneous in that they did not accurately identify the owner of the property and the last-known location of the owner within the borders of another state, and under the laws of that state, the property has escheated or become subject to a claim of abandonment by that state;
(d) the property was subjected to custody by this state under 70-9-805(6), and under the laws of the state of domicile of the holder, the property has escheated or become subject to a claim of abandonment by that state; or
(e) the property is a sum payable on a traveler’s check, money order, or similar instrument that was purchased in the other state and delivered into the custody of this state under 70-9-805(7), and under the laws of the other state, the property has escheated or become subject to a claim of abandonment by that state.
(2) A claim of another state to recover escheated or abandoned property must be presented in a form prescribed by the administrator, who shall decide the claim within 90 days after it is presented. The administrator shall allow the claim upon determining that the other state is entitled to the abandoned property under subsection (1).
(3) The administrator shall require another state, before recovering property under this section, to agree to indemnify this state and its officers and employees against any liability on a claim to the property. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-814.
Filing claim with administrator — handling of claims by administrator:
(1) A person, excluding another state, claiming property paid or delivered to the administrator may file a claim on a form prescribed by the administrator and verified by the claimant.
(2) Within 90 days after a claim is filed, the administrator shall allow or deny the claim and give written notice of the decision to the claimant. If the claim is denied, the administrator shall inform the claimant of the reasons for the denial and specify what additional evidence is required before the claim will be allowed. The claimant may then file a new claim with the administrator or maintain an action under 70-9-816.
(3) Within 30 days after a claim is allowed, the property or the net proceeds of a sale of the property must be delivered or paid by the administrator to the claimant, together with any dividend, interest, or other increment to which the claimant is entitled under 70-9-812.
(4) A holder that pays the owner for property that has been delivered to the state and that, if claimed from the administrator by the owner, would be subject to an increment under 70-9-812 may recover from the administrator the amount of the increment. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-815.
Action to establish claim:
A person aggrieved by a decision of the administrator or whose claim has not been acted upon within 90 days after its filing may maintain an original action to establish the claim in the district court, naming the administrator as a defendant. If the aggrieved person establishes the claim in an action against the administrator, the court may award the claimant reasonable attorney fees. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-816.
Election to take payment or delivery:
(1) The administrator may decline to receive property reported under this part that the administrator considers to have a value less than the expenses of notice and sale.
(2) A holder, with the written consent of the administrator and upon conditions and terms prescribed by the administrator, may report and deliver property before the property is presumed abandoned. Property that is delivered must be held by the administrator and is not presumed abandoned until it otherwise would be presumed abandoned under this part. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-817.
Destruction or disposition of property having no substantial commercial value — immunity from liability:
If the administrator determines after investigation that property delivered under this part has no substantial commercial value, the administrator may destroy or otherwise dispose of the property at any time. An action or proceeding may not be maintained against the state or any officer or against the holder for or on account of an act of the administrator under this section except for intentional misconduct or malfeasance. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-818.
Periods of limitation:
(1) The expiration, before or after July 1, 1997, of a period of limitation on the owner’s right to receive or recover property, whether specified by contract, statute, or court order, does not preclude the property from being presumed abandoned or affect a duty to file a report or to pay or deliver or transfer property to the administrator as required by this part.
(2) An action or proceeding may not be maintained by the administrator to enforce this part in regard to the reporting, delivery, or payment of property more than 10 years after the holder specifically identified the property in a report filed with the administrator or gave express notice to the administrator of a dispute regarding the property. In the absence of such a report or other express notice the period of limitation is tolled. The period of limitation is also tolled by the filing of a report that is fraudulent. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-819.
Requests for reports and examination of records:
(1) The administrator may require a person that has not filed a report or a person that the administrator believes has filed an inaccurate, incomplete, or false report to file a verified report in a form specified by the administrator. The report must state whether the person is holding property reportable under this part, describe property not previously reported or as to which the administrator has made inquiry, and specifically identify and state the amounts of property that may be in issue.
(2) The administrator, at reasonable times and upon reasonable notice, may examine the records of any person to determine whether the person has complied with this part. The administrator may conduct the examination even if the person believes it is not in possession of any property that must be reported, paid, or delivered under this part. The administrator may contract with any other person to conduct the examination on behalf of the administrator.
(3) The administrator, at reasonable times, may examine the records of an agent, including a dividend disbursing agent or transfer agent, of a business association or financial organization that is the holder of property presumed abandoned if the administrator has given the notice required by subsection (2) to both the association or organization and the agent at least 90 days before the examination.
(4) Documents and working papers obtained or compiled by the administrator, or the administrator’s agents, employees, or designated representatives, in the course of conducting an examination are confidential and are not public records, but the documents and papers may be:
(a) used by the administrator in the course of an action to collect unclaimed property or otherwise enforce this part;
(b) used in joint examinations conducted with or pursuant to an agreement with another state, the federal government, or any other governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality;
(c) produced pursuant to subpoena or court order; or
(d) disclosed to the abandoned property office of another state for that state’s use in circumstances equivalent to those described in this subsection (4) if the other state is bound to keep the documents and papers confidential.
(5) If an examination of the records of a person results in the disclosure of property reportable under this part, the administrator may assess the cost of the examination against the holder at the rate of $200 a day for each examiner, or a greater amount that is reasonable and was incurred, but the assessment may not exceed the value of the property found to be reportable. The cost of an examination made pursuant to subsection (3) may be assessed only against the business association or financial organization.
(6) If, after July 1, 1997, a holder does not maintain the records required by 70-9-821 and the records of the holder available for the periods subject to this part are insufficient to permit the preparation of a report, the administrator may require the holder to report and pay to the administrator the amount the administrator reasonably estimates, on the basis of any available records of the holder or by any other reasonable method of estimation, should have been but was not reported. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-820.
Retention of records:
(1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2), a holder required to file a report under 70-9-808 shall maintain the records containing the information required to be included in the report for 10 years after the holder files the report unless a shorter period is provided by rule of the administrator.
(2) A business association or financial organization that sells, issues, or provides to others for sale or issue in this state traveler’s checks, money orders, or similar instruments other than third-party bank checks, on which the business association or financial organization is directly liable, shall maintain a record of the instruments while they remain outstanding, indicating the state and date of issue, for 3 years after the holder files the report. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-821.
Enforcement:
The administrator may maintain an action in this or another state to enforce this part. The court may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-822.
Interstate agreements and cooperation — joint and reciprocal actions with other states:
(1) The administrator may enter into an agreement with another state to exchange information relating to abandoned property or its possible existence. The agreement may permit the other state, or another person acting on behalf of a state, to examine records as authorized in 70-9-820. The administrator by rule may require the reporting of information needed to enable compliance with an agreement made under this section and prescribe the form.
(2) The administrator may join with another state to seek enforcement of this part against any person that is or may be holding property reportable under this part.
(3) At the request of another state, the attorney general of this state may maintain an action on behalf of the other state to enforce, in this state, the unclaimed property laws of the other state against a holder of property subject to escheat or a claim of abandonment by the other state if the other state has agreed to pay expenses incurred by the attorney general in maintaining the action.
(4) The administrator may request that the attorney general of another state or another attorney commence an action in the other state on behalf of the administrator. With the approval of the attorney general of this state, the administrator may retain any other attorney to commence an action in this state on behalf of the administrator. This state shall pay all expenses, including attorney fees, in maintaining an action under this subsection. With the administrator’s approval, the expenses and attorney fees may be paid from money received under this part. The administrator may agree to pay expenses and attorney fees based in whole or in part on a percentage of the value of any property recovered in the action. Any expenses or attorney fees paid under this subsection may not be deducted from the amount that is subject to the claim by the owner under this part. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-823.
Interest and penalties:
(1) A holder that fails to report, pay, or deliver property within the time prescribed by this part shall pay to the administrator interest at the annual rate of 12% on the property or value of the property from the date the property should have been reported, paid, or delivered.
(2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), a holder that fails to report, pay, or deliver property within the time prescribed by this part, or fails to perform other duties imposed by this part, shall pay to the administrator, in addition to interest as provided in subsection (1), a civil penalty of $100 for each day the report, payment, or delivery is withheld, or the duty is not performed, up to a maximum of $2,500.
(3) A holder that willfully fails to report, pay, or deliver property within the time prescribed by this part, or willfully fails to perform other duties imposed by this part, shall pay to the administrator, in addition to interest as provided in subsection (1), a civil penalty of $1,000 for each day the report, payment, or delivery is withheld, or the duty is not performed, up to a maximum of $25,000, plus 25% of the value of any property that should have been but was not reported.
(4) A holder that makes a fraudulent report shall pay to the administrator, in addition to interest as provided in subsection (1), a civil penalty of $1,000 for each day from the date a report under this part was due, up to a maximum of $25,000, plus 25% of the value of any property that should have been but was not reported.
(5) The administrator for good cause may waive, in whole or in part, interest under subsection (1) and penalties under subsections (2) and (3) and shall waive penalties if the holder acted in good faith and without negligence. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-824.
Agreement to locate property:
(1) An agreement by an owner, the primary purpose of which is to locate, deliver, recover, or assist in the recovery of property that is presumed abandoned, is void and unenforceable if it was entered into during the period commencing on the date the property was presumed abandoned and extending to a time that is 24 months after the date the property is paid or delivered to the administrator. This subsection does not apply to an owner’s agreement with an attorney to file a claim as to identified property or contest the administrator’s denial of a claim.
(2) An agreement by an owner, the primary purpose of which is to locate, deliver, recover, or assist in the recovery of property, is enforceable only if the agreement is in writing, clearly sets forth the nature of the property and the services to be rendered, is signed by the apparent owner, and states the value of the property before and after the fee or other compensation has been deducted.
(3) If an agreement covered by this section applies to mineral proceeds and the agreement contains a provision to pay compensation that includes a portion of the underlying minerals or any mineral proceeds not then presumed abandoned, the provision is void and unenforceable.
(4) An agreement covered by this section that provides for compensation that is unconscionable is unenforceable except by the owner. An owner who has agreed to pay compensation that is unconscionable, or the administrator on behalf of the owner, may maintain an action to reduce the compensation to a conscionable amount. The court may award reasonable attorney fees to an owner who prevails in the action.
(5) This section does not preclude an owner from asserting that an agreement covered by this section is invalid on grounds other than unconscionable compensation. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-825.
Foreign transactions:
This part does not apply to property held, due, and owing in a foreign country and arising out of a foreign transaction. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-826.
Transitional provisions:
(1) An initial report filed under this part for property that was not required to be reported before July 1, 1997, but that is subject to this part must include all items of property that would have been presumed abandoned during the 10-year period next preceding July 1, 1997, as if this part had been in effect during that period.
(2) This part does not relieve a holder of a duty that arose before July 1, 1997, to report, pay, or deliver property. Except as otherwise provided in 70-9-819(2), a holder that did not comply with the law in effect before July 1, 1997, is subject to the applicable provisions for enforcement and penalties that then existed, which are continued in effect for the purpose of this section. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-827.
Rules:
The administrator may adopt, pursuant to Title 2, chapter 4, rules necessary to carry out this part. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-828.
Uniformity of application and construction:
This part must be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this part among states enacting it. Title 70 Property, Chap. 9 Disposition of Unclaimed Property, Part 8, Sec. 70-9-829.
